The paper focuses on land cultivated with oil palm prior to 1st January 2008 and the production pathways of biofuel or bio liquid, based on current production practices. The rationale and guideline for the calculation of greenhouse gas emission given in this paper may benefit oil palm growers who planted oil palm prior to 1st January 2008. This could assist in the subsequent sale of palm oil to the European market. A case study carried out from the supplying estate, palm oil milling and effluent treatment under open pond system as well as refining; up to the biofuel production stage indicates that the GHG saving in palm oil biofuel for transportation is 43.95%. With methane capture and flaring, the GHG savings can increase to 66.95%.
The need for sustainable packing materials with performance like petroleum-based polymers is growing. This study attempts to develop a...
The agrochemical business places a high priority on the development of ecologically friendly pesticides for sustainable agriculture. The main...
With the increasing demand in oils and fats worldwide, the palm oil industry in Malaysia has been growing over the past decades. Malaysia is the...
Palm oil is the most produced and consumed vegetable oil worldwide. Recently, the palm oil industry has received attention from food safety...
According to Energy Outlook 2019 published by the US Energy information administration, aviation fuel consumption is expected to be more than...
